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Zero in on the Ammo Aisle

Navigate through the sea of shotshells to find the best rounds for your turkey tamer.

Nowadays turkey hunters have an onslaught of ammunition options available to them from several major ammo manufacturers, and some small shops, too. The lists of options are so vast, it is easy to be overwhelmed by the choices and get turned off by all of the extra noise.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

However, not making an effort to understand the features and benefits that are out there these days could be a big mistake. We as turkey hunters are blessed with a pile of ammunition choices that are a lot better than what we used in the past.

All major ammunition manufacturers organize their ammo choices into different product lines, each with their own qualities and price ranges. They also list the components of the loads on the boxes, so you know the differences between what you are buying. Learning about the various product lineups will help you make an informed choice when standing in the ammo aisle at your favorite sporting goods store.

To help with this chore, we took a closer look at one ammunition company, Federal Premium Ammunition, and broke down, in detail, all of the options it has for turkey hunters. This example will help any hunter navigate through the vast sea of options.

The Turkey Load Lines

Federal’s turkey loads have become popular with turkey hunters, and in the past few years, Federal revamped its turkey shotshell lineup with a long list of new products. That meant all previously available turkey products from Federal had been replaced by several loads in multiple product families.

The list of choices that Federal offers includes Grand Slam, MeatEater’s 3rd Degree and HEAVYWEIGHT TSS. Most recently, Federal’s online Custom Shop introduced new TSS Shotshells for turkey hunting, as well. At the Custom Shop, customers can order full payloads of TSS in specialized loads, such as low-recoil 12 gauge, 28 gauge, 16 gauge and more. Here’s a detailed look at each one.

1) Grand Slam

New Grand Slam shotshells extend the range and lethality of conventional turkey payloads, putting as many pellets as possible in a 10-inch circle without breaking the bank. Federal Premium engineers wanted a shell that performed comparably to other high-end lead offerings, while maintaining the former Mag-Shok price range.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

Grand Slam shells use high-quality copper-plated lead pellets that produce dense patterns and ample energy. The shot is delivered via the FLITECONTROL FLEX wad, which opens from the rear and allows a controlled release of the load, resulting in thick, even patterns through standard and ported chokes. Also, buffering prevents pellet deformation for more consistent patterns.

Offerings include a 3-inch 20-gauge load with 1-5/16 ounces of No. 5 shot; a 3½-inch 10-gauge load with 2 ounces of No. 4 or 5 shot; a 2¾-inch 12-gauge load with 1½ ounces of No. 5 shot; a 3-inch 12-gauge load with 1¾ ounces of 4, 5 or 6 shot; and a 3½-inch 12-gauge load with 2 ounces of 4, 5 or 6 shot. Grand Slam is available in 10-count packs.

2) 3rd Degree with TSS – MeatEater Series

Turkey hunters are already familiar with the concept and performance of 3rd Degree, which uses a three-stage payload that makes you far less likely to miss close turkeys, but can still kill birds at 40 to 50 yards with appropriate chokes.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

New 3rd Degree payloads are comprised of 40% No. 7 HEAVYWEIGHT TSS shot, 20% No. 6 FLITESTOPPER lead and 40% No. 5 Premium lead. The No. 6 lead pellets form a forgiving close-range pattern, the copper-plated No. 5 lead delivers lethal performance at mid-ranges, and the No. 7 TSS pellets allow dense, lethal patterns at 40-plus yards. And the new FLITECONTROL FLEX wad works with ported and non-ported chokes to maximize the characteristics of each shot type, opening from the rear and staying with the shot column longer than conventional wads to deliver full, consistent patterns.

3rd Degree HEAVYWEIGHT TSS loads include a 1½-ounce, 3-inch 20-gauge load; a 1¾-ounce, 3-inch 12-gauge load; and a 2-ounce, 3½-inch 12-gauge load —all with 5, 6 and 7 shot. The shells come in five-count packs.

In 2020, Federal partnered with conservationist, chef, author and hunter Steven Rinella on an exclusive new series of ammunition. 3rd Degree is now recognized as the official turkey ammunition of MeatEater, with new packaging highlighting the partnership.

3) HEAVYWEIGHT TSS

Shotshells loaded with Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) represent a big upgrade from anything previously available, letting hunters kill gobblers farther than they ever thought possible. Payloads of No. 7 or 9 TSS shot provide high pellet counts — in many cases, more than double compared to lead loads of the same weight. The shot’s 18 gram per cubic centimeter density provides optimum energy and the highest velocities at long ranges.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

Straight payload offerings include 3-inch 12-gauge loads with 1¾ ounces of all No. 7 or No. 9 TSS shot, 3½-inch 12-gauge loads with 2¼ ounces of all No. 7 or No. 9 shot, a 3-inch 20-gauge load with 1½ ounces of all No. 7 or No. 9 shot, and a 3-inch .410 load with 13/16 ounce of all No. 9 shot. There’s also a low-recoil 20-gauge option with 1½ ounces of all No. 9 shot pushed at 1,000 feet per second. The shells come in five-count packs.

The .410 offering might surprise some folks, but Shotshell Product Line Manager Dan Compton said it shouldn’t, as TSS pellets’ high density are perfect for sub-gauge shotshells.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

“TSS pellets make hunting turkeys with a .410 a very viable option,” he said. “It provides the performance of conventional 12-gauge loads with a significant drop in recoil.”

New in 2019 and 2020, blended, duplex shotshells combined No. 7 and No. 9, or No. 8 and No. 10 Tungsten Super Shot, into new loads that deliver the extremely high pellet-count patterns some turkey hunters are constantly striving for. In fact, some of the new payloads top 1,000 pellets in one shell.

The two new 12-gauge, 3½-inch TSS Blended options are a 2½-ounce No. 7/9 mix or a 2½-ounce No. 8/10 mix. There are also two new 12-gauge, 3-inch, No. 7 and 9 blended-shot loads. The two options of 20-gauge 3-inch loads include a 1⅝-ounce No. 7/9 mix or a 1⅝ ounce No. 8/10 mix. The shells come in five-count packs.

4) Federal Custom Shop TSS Loads

Federal’s online Custom Shop offers more than 35 possible shotshell combinations loaded with Federal’s dense tungsten super shot (TSS), that is designed with turkey and waterfowl hunters in mind. Customers will choose their gauge, shell length, shot size and shot weight from a list of options. Gauges will include 10, 12, 16, 20 and 28, as well as .410 bore, with shotshell length varying from 2¾ inches up to 3½ inches. Payloads will range from 1-1/16 ounces up to a heavy-hitting 2½ ounce, and TSS shot sizes such as 7, 8, 9 and 10 will be available for selection.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

The Federal Ammunition factory in Anoka, Minnesota, is a 700,000-square-foot, state-of-the-art facility where 1,400 employees work in three shifts, 24/7, to produce millions of rounds of ammo every day. The custom shop is a separate, secured room inside the huge facility. It is a dedicated, high-tech reloading workshop run by an elite group of handloaders focused on the utmost attention to detail, quality and care for each hand-loaded round produced.

A dedicated page on www.federalpremium.com takes Custom Shop users to an order form, where they select their ammunition options and preferences, then purchase the custom ammunition via credit card. The order will then be meticulously hand-loaded in the Custom Shop. Each round is hand-checked with a final cleaning and inspection before being packed in custom packaging and shipped out. Since ammunition is made-to-order, it usually takes three to four weeks to produce. Buyers will then receive their order after a few days of shipping time.

Recently, Federal collaborated with legendary choke tube designer Rob Roberts Custom Gunworks to deliver optimal pattern density and downrange energy from the No. 9 Tungsten Super Shot payloads. The 20-gauge option is loaded with 1¾ ounces — approximately 634 pellets — and the 2-ounce 12-gauge load tallies a pellet count of 725. Like all Federal Custom Shop ammunition, the new loads are handcrafted to order by Federal’s team of experts, not pulled out of inventory in a warehouse.

In addition, a portion of all proceeds from each and every one of Federal’s Premium lines of turkey shotshells is donated to the National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF). That should make any hunter feel good, no matter what load they choose.

The Turkey Load Parts

The sum of a product’s overall quality can only be determined by the quality of each individual part. Ammunition is no different. For shotshells, that means the hull, primer, powder, wads and shot. Federal is very particular on what components it uses for all of its shotshell products; target loads, personal defense, waterfowl, upland and more. Here are some details of what exactly goes into the turkey loads.

1) The FLITECONTROL FLEX Wad

Most of Federal’s turkey load offerings use the full-length FLITECONTROL FLEX wad, which was introduced with the launch of Federal Premium’s redesigned Black Cloud waterfowl shotshells. The wad’s unique design improves pattern density and consistency when fired through ported and nonported chokes.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

“The wad’s redesigned rear-deploying brake fins and side-mounted vents stimulate the payload for separation from the wad at precisely the right moment for the densest, most consistent patterns possible,” Compton said.

To do this, Federal Premium engineers beefed up the wad’s brake system, starting by reinforcing the wad’s flexible rear fins with sturdy supportive gussets.

“We rely on gas pressure from inside the barrel to flex the fins and open them, which triggers the shot to separate from the wad,” Compton said. “If there’s not enough pressure, the wad doesn’t slow down enough for optimum separation.”

Such pressure problems are common with ported choke tubes, which vent gas to the sides before it leaves the muzzle. However, the new FLITECONTROL FLEX wad’s improved rear-deploying brake fins eliminate that concern with all chokes.

“The brake fins open, so payloads separate exactly when they’re supposed to, regardless of the gas pressure behind them,” Compton said.

2) Tungsten Super Shot (TSS)

TSS is an incredibly dense shot that has taken the handloading world by storm in recent years, and it’s an integral part of Federal Premium’s HEAVYWEIGHT TSS and 3rd Degree loads. The material is 22% more dense than Federal’s older tungsten shot, which had a density of about 15 grams per cubic centimeter. Further, it’s 56% denser than lead.

“TSS is an alloy comprised primarily of tungsten,” said Federal Premium Shotshell Engineer Adam Moser. “It has a density of 18 grams per cubic centimeter and is harder than steel. The increased density retains velocity, and the hardness prevents pellet deformation, which improves pattern efficiency and penetration.”

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

Compton explained the physics behind the material’s effectiveness.

“An object with higher density will maintain its energy longer in flight than a less-dense object,” he said. “In pellets, the increased density will extend the lethal range of the payload. Denser pellets fly farther and penetrate deeper.”

But the advantages don’t stop there. Due to its increased density, you can use a smaller TSS pellet to deliver the same amount of energy of much larger lead shot.

“A No. 9 HEAVYWEIGHT TSS pellet carries at least as much penetration energy as a No. 5 lead pellet at all ranges,” Compton said. “This means you can greatly increase the pellet count of a payload by using a smaller shot size, but penetrate as much or more because of the increased density. Overall patterns densities are increased, so there are more hits on the target.”

Moser said a 13/16-ounce load of No. 9 TSS has about 295 pellets, and a 1⅛-ounce load carries about 408 pellets. For comparison, a 2-ounce load of No. 4 lead has only about 270 pellets.

Heavier TSS payloads carry even more impressive numbers. A 1½-ounce load of No. 7 TSS has 282 pellets, and 1¾- and 2¼-ounce loads have 330 and 423 pellets, respectively. With No. 9 shot, a 1¾-ounce load has 635 pellets, and a 2¼-ounce load features a whopping 814 pellets.

Of course, such swarms of shot result in improved patterns. Testing conducted at Federal Premium’s factory showed that a 3-inch 12-gauge load with 1¾ ounces of No. 5 lead shot will place about 100 to 130 pellets in a 10-inch circle at 40 yards. However, a 3-inch 12-gauge load with 1¾ ounces of No. 7 TSS shot will put about 200 hits in a 10-inch circle at 40 steps, and an equivalent load of No. 9 TSS shot will tally about 350 hits.

Plus, downrange penetration is far better with TSS compared to larger lead pellets.
“By comparison, No. 7 and No. 9 TSS pellets retain more downrange velocity than a No. 5 lead pellet with the same muzzle velocity,” Moser said. “Greater downrange velocity, increased density and the smaller surface area of TSS pellets lead to more penetration energy at all ranges.”

3) Other Components

Grand Slam and HEAVYWEIGHT TSS loads also use buffered shot and a roll crimp to further boost effectiveness.

“Buffer evenly distributes the ignition force throughout the payload, allowing for uniform separation of the shot at muzzle exit,” said Moser. “Buffering lead shot also helps reduce pellet deformation caused by ignition forces.”

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

The roll crimp, meanwhile, provides uniform compression of the buffered payload, which generates consistent ballistics and better pattern efficiency, Moser added. Combined with a clear plastic card wad, it also ensures that the entire buffer remains sealed inside the cartridge.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

All of the new 12- and 20-gauge loads also feature improved hull printing with a special touch that any turkey hunter will appreciate when admiring a gobbler they’ve just shot.
“There is a small tape measure graphic, in 1/8-inch increments, printed on the hull,” he said. “Hunters can measure their spurs in the field with the hull to photograph and show their friends and share on social media.”

Moser added that Federal Premium has also invested in improved shell-printing technology that offers much cleaner, crisper and longer-lasting printing, so it’s easier to identify your shotshells.

A Better Understanding of Ammo

Like anything in life, different products have different qualities. Understanding your options can help you tailor your gear to your specific style of hunting, and lead you to more success in the field. Federal is a good example of how today’s ammunition manufacturers can offer several different shotshell designs to fit the needs of any turkey hunter, a one-stop shop ammo supplier.

Photo courtesy Federal Premium Ammunition.

For more information on the turkey loads mentioned in this article and all other products from Federal Premium Ammunition, visit: www.federalpremium.com.

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